Somalia has a long maritime history shaped by its strategic position along the Gulf of Aden and the western Indian Ocean. For centuries, Somali coastal

Far below the waves lies an enormous world that humans rarely see. Beyond the brightly lit surface waters, the ocean becomes progressively darker, colder, and

Introduction The Speckled Snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus), locally known in Somalia as Tartabo, is one of the most attractive members of the snapper family. This ray-finned

Introduction The waters off Somalia are among the most dynamic and biologically productive in the western Indian Ocean. One of the main reasons is the

Introduction Somalia The marine food web of Somalia is a complex network of feeding relationships that connects microscopic organisms to large predators such as tuna,

Introduction Somalia possesses some of the most productive fishing grounds in the western Indian Ocean. With the longest coastline on mainland Africa, stretching over 3,300

Introduction The Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), locally known in Somalia as Sanuuro, is one of the most abundant and commercially important tuna species in the

Introduction Dugongs are marine mammals found in warm coastal waters extending from East Africa to Australia, including the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and parts

Introduction The Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares), locally known in Somalia as Jeeydar, is one of the most important and commercially valuable tuna species found in